I'd have to say a resounding yes.
I don't know how many transistors any given PIC has in it, but think about it for a second.
Every I/O pin except Vdd/Vss/MCLR/OSC/PGD/PGC/PGM could be blown out, the program is running but you can't see it.
The oscillator section itself could be fried. This PIC apparently doesn't have a backup internal oscillator of any sort, so that options out.
Could be any number of a thousand things, so many 'sections' packed in there, and ICSP only uses a few of them.
However, I'll also say that I've only completely fried one PIC in 10-12 years of messing with them. One pin here, one pin there, input driver, output driver (usually the case)....yes, one here and there, but not a whole chip.
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