UART = Universal Asychronous Receiver Transmitter - the basis for all serial ports.
You're using SERIN and SEROUT. Those are softwart 'bit-banged' versions.
The UART is the all-in-one, hardware, version of what the SERIN/SEROUT commands do. It can work in the background, rather than tying up your program waiting for the next character to come along. The UART will catch a character and hold it (within reason) until your program goes out and gets it. With SERIN, you have to 'sit' in that command (within reason again) until the next character comes along.
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