You've got a 6 cell NiMH (or NiCad, doesn't really matter). Open circuit, they've probably got 1.3-1.4v per cell when fully charged. You put a load on them, they'll probably drop down to, say, 1.1v per cell, maybe less. As I stated earlier, with a regular linear regulator, you need a certain amount of 'voltage overhead' to keep the regulator working correctly...usually about 2 volts. Anything less and your regulator basically freaks and starts outputting a lot less voltage.
So, you've got that 6 cell pack, roughly 6.6v under a load, more likely less since you're driving motors (50mA no-load doesn't mean squat when you're trying to drive this thing around).
Looking at that datasheet you linked to earlier (Page 11, Figure 11), you need at least 6.1v @ 1.5amps of load to keep the regulator happy.
Try this for grins... lift the Treadbot up so it's wheels can free spin, power it up and see what your voltage is.
I'm thinking that you're going to have to run an 8 cell pack of AAA's instead of 6 AA's.
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