I used to worry about how tightly BASIC compiles down to actual assembly. I don't anymore. If you look at PBP source code relatively close, you'll see that most of the PBP commands directly relate to straight assembly programming, while others may take 1-2-3 ASM instructions to complete a PBP instruction. Again...I used to worry about it. There's only a few instances where straight assembly can make anything faster. If you really want to see it, take a look at your .LST file generated during assembly. Put a couple of labels around the code you're interested in and do a search of the file.