16F877a ASM Interrupt Confused

[modifyit]

I've been trying to get a handle on how to write an assembly interrupt, but I feel like I am missing something simple.

The example given in the Pic Basic Pro manual makes sense, but I'm not sure exactly what to do since the 877a has 4 banks of RAM. I realize I need to save the W and Status register and that I am supposed to reserve a system variable in each bank similar to the following:

--------------
	wsave  var	byte $20 system
	wsave1 var	byte $a0 system   ' If device has RAM in bank1
	wsave2 var	byte $120 system	' If device has RAM in bank2
	wsave3 var	byte $1a0 system	' If device has RAM in bank3
--------------

The following is the example given in the PBP manual, but it appears it is an example for a chip with a single bank of RAM. How do I convert the following code so it will work on the 877a and save "wsave1" and "wsave2" etc when needed?

--------------
	' Assembly language interrupt example

	led	 var	PORTB.1

	wsave var	byte $20 system
	ssave var	byte bank0 system
	psave var	byte bank0 system


	Goto start	' Skip around interrupt handler

	' Define interrupt handler
	define INTHAND myint

	' Assembly language interrupt handler
	asm
	; Save W, STATUS and PCLATH registers
	myint	movwf	wsave
		swapf	STATUS, W
		clrf	STATUS
		movwf	ssave
		movf	PCLATH, W
		movwf	psave

	; Insert interrupt code here
	; Save and restore FSR if used

		bsf	_led	; Turn on LED (for example)

	; Restore PCLATH, STATUS and W registers
		movf	psave, W
		movwf	PCLATH
		swapf	ssave, W
		movwf	STATUS
		swapf	wsave, F
		swapf	wsave, W
		retfie
	endasm

	' PICBASIC PRO™ program starts here
	start: Low led	' Turn LED off

	' Enable interrupt on PORTB.0
		INTCON = %10010000

	loop:	Goto loop	' Wait here till interrupted
--------------

Thanks in advance for any help

[mister_e]

Each PIC datasheet explain black on white how to save the context variable.

PIC16F877a section 14.12

[Darrel Taylor]

For a 16F877A, and for many others, it's very simple.

Just change the $20 to $70.

There is a small amount of ram space that is common between all BANKS.   It ranges from $70 to $7F.   Any one of those locations can be used.

That way you don't need the wsave1 - wsave3 stuff
<br>

[modifyit]

Here is the code example from the 877a data sheet:

--------
MOVWF W_TEMP ;Copy W to TEMP register
SWAPF STATUS,W ;Swap status to be saved into W
CLRF STATUS ;bank 0, regardless of current bank, Clears IRP,RP1,RP0
MOVWF STATUS_TEMP ;Save status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
MOVF PCLATH, W ;Only required if using pages 1, 2 and/or 3
MOVWF PCLATH_TEMP ;Save PCLATH into W
CLRF PCLATH ;Page zero, regardless of current page
:
:(ISR) ;(Insert user code here)
:
MOVF PCLATH_TEMP, W ;Restore PCLATH
MOVWF PCLATH ;Move W into PCLATH
SWAPF STATUS_TEMP,W ;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W
;(sets bank to original state)
MOVWF STATUS ;Move W into STATUS register
SWAPF W_TEMP,F ;Swap W_TEMP
SWAPF W_TEMP,W ;Swap W_TEMP into W
--------

I guess my question is if I define the following variables at the begining of my PBP code:

	w_temp  var	byte $20 system
	w_temp1 var	byte $a0 system   ' If device has RAM in bank1
	w_temp2 var	byte $120 system	' If device has RAM in bank2
	w_temp3 var	byte $1a0 system	' If device has RAM in bank3

how do I tell if I am in bank 0,1,2,or 3 when the interrupt occurs, so I know what w_temp variable(0,1,2, or3) to save using the following assembly code?

MOVWF W_TEMP ;Copy W to TEMP register
SWAPF STATUS,W ;Swap status to be saved into W

Thanks again

[modifyit]

For a 16F877A, and for many others, it's very simple.

Just change the $20 to $70.

Thanks Darrel, I will give that a shot. I am still interested how to make the wsave1,2,3 stuff work tho.

[Darrel Taylor]

Ok, easy to explain.

When a particular bank is selected with the RP0 and RP1 bits in the STATUS register, any opcode trying to access that bank is limited to 128 bytes. So, $20, $A0, $120 and $1A0 all point to a location that is 32 bytes into their respective BANK. &nbsp; The Variable declarations wsave1-3 are set that way to reserve the same locations in each bank.

That way you don't need to worry which bank you are in. The "MOVWF W_TEMP" always puts the byte in the correct location, no matter which bank is selected.

Then, notice that the STATUS register is restored prior to restoring the W register. That way you always have the same bank selected that was used to save the W reg. to begin with.

HTH,
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Darrel

[modifyit]

So even tho I may be in bank 2 the "MOVWF W_TEMP" command will save to W_Temp2 in this case automatically?

[Darrel Taylor]

Correcto Mundo!

I have no idea what I just said, but it sounds right.