That is a simple voltage divider. 5v supply /5k ohm = .001 Amp
5v / 10k ohm = .0005 amp how much current do you want to waste ?
Assuming zero current flow into the PIC (impossible I know) the voltage will be linear across either one. It gets less true as the PIC begins to load the voltage divider, and as this parasitic loss increases the more suitable the lower resistance becomes.