Setting up Timer Module

[madbass1]

Total Newb here. Have been searching all over the forum with no luck at finding a clear simple way to do this. I am using MicroCode Studio to write code in BASIC, MELABS to program through a PICKIT3 onto a pic12F683. I want to setup a Timer module that will run in the background and output a square wave at 325hz with a duty cycle and frequency that can be defined in the program. I want to output the waveform to a pin and be able to turn ON and OFF the waveform from a mainloop without affecting the speed of the mainloop significantly. The mainloop can contain something simple like a pulsin comand to control the output pins' current state (on or off). Default clock is being used for the PIC.

[RFEFX]

well the good thing is that your PIC12F683 has a PWM feature. so based on that...

your best bet is to review this page referring to IR Communication.. (http://www.rentron.com/Infrared_Communication.htm) as it explains a lot about the registers you need to set up.

the tricky part here is setting your Duty cycle. assuming a 1:1 prescale

(4Mhz / 4 x TMR2 prescale x 325) - 1
(4Mhz / 4 x 1 x 325) -1
( 4,000,000/1300 ) - 1 = 3075 (3.075 ms)

Not sure you can load 3075 into PR2 register...

[Mike, K8LH]

Can you elaborate on the following statement?

... output a square wave at 325hz with a duty cycle and frequency that can be defined in the program ...

Do you want a frequency of 325-Hz or do you want a variable frequency?

Happy Holidays. Mike

[madbass1]

I want a frequency of 325Hz but if possible be able to change the frequency by adjusting a value in the code and reprogramming the PIC. It will only output one frequency at a time. If the frequency wishes to be changed then it must be done so by changing the 325Hz value in the code to a desired value - lets say 350Hz - and then reprogramming the PIC.

Thanks for all the help you guys.

RFEFX: I will take a look at what Reynolds Electronics has to offer - thanks

[mark_s]

Hello,

Have a look at the HPWM command in the manual. It does what RFEFX suggested, without having to setup the CCP1 registers. The minimum frequency for HPWM, depends on your mcu clock.

Something like this should work, Regards

Duty var Byte
Freq var Byte

Freq = 325
Duty = 127 '50%

Main:

HPWM 1, Duty, Freq 'Output 325hz, 50% duty on pin 5 pic12f683

If X happens then Duty = 0 'Pwm off - pin5 low
If y happens then Duty = 127' Pwm on 50% duty
If Z happens then Duty = 255, Pwm off - pin 5 high

goto Main

[madbass1]

Reynolds Electronics was nice in breaking it down but it won't give me a low enough frequency with the lowest value being 3.9kHz with a 4MHz clock - I need at least 325Hz. I don't really want to change the clock frequency since it affects the speed of my main program. I have posted my code below. It turns an LED on for 1 second and then off for one second while continually sending 3.9kH to a pin. Everyone helps is very much appreciated.

'device PIC12F683

DEFINE LOADER_USED 1'Setup for boot-loader programming
OSCCON = %01100101 ' 01100101 - 4MHZ system clock
TRISIO.2 = 0 ' GPIO.2 (GPIO.2 = Output)
PR2 = 254 '(Max Value = 255 Set PWM Period for approximately 3.9KHz
CCPR1L = 127 ' Set PWM Duty-Cycle to 50%
CCP1CON = %00001100 ' Select PWM Mode
T2CON = %00000100 ' Timer2 = ON + 1:1 prescale
TRISIO.1 = 0


LED_HIGH VAR BYTE
LED_LOW VAR BYTE

BEGIN:
FOR LED_HIGH = 0 TO 10 'Turn ON LED for 1 Second
HIGH GPIO.5
PAUSE 100
NEXT

for LED_LOW = 0 to 10 'Turn OFF LED for 1 Second
LOW GPIO.5
PAUSE 100
Next

GOTO BEGIN

[mark_s]

Madbass1,

Try this I modified your code.

DEFINE OSC 4

TRISIO =%000000 'All outputs
ANSEL = 0 'ALL I/O digital
CMCON0 = 7 'comparator off
OSCCON =$60 'set internal osc to 4mhz

LED_HIGH VAR BYTE
LED_LOW VAR BYTE

BEGIN:

HPWM 1, 127, 325 'GPIO.2 output 325hz

FOR LED_HIGH = 0 TO 10 'Turn ON LED for 1 Second
HIGH GPIO.5
PAUSE 100
NEXT

for LED_LOW = 0 to 10 'Turn OFF LED for 1 Second
LOW GPIO.5
PAUSE 100
Next

GOTO BEGIN

[madbass1]

I think I'm just going to settle with changing my OSC value. I managed to complete the code and generate my 350Hz and being able to turn it on and off. Thanks for everyones help. My code is listed below:


'device PIC12F683

OSCCON = %00100101 '250kHZ system clock
CCP1CON = %00001100 'Select PWM Mode
T2CON = %00000100 'Timer2 = ON + 1:1 prescale

PR2 = 177 'Max Value = 255 Set PWM Period for 350Hz
CCPR1L = 150 'Set PWM Duty-Cycle to 85% (177*0.85 = 150)

TRISIO.2 = 0 'GPIO.2 (GPIO.2 = Output)
TRISIO.1 = 0

PIN_VOLTAGE VAR BYTE

INPUT GPIO.1 'Button input
OUTPUT GPIO.4 'Red LED
OUTPUT GPIO.5 'Green LED

BEGIN:
ADCIN 1, PIN_VOLTAGE 'ADCIN - Button Voltage Level
IF PIN_VOLTAGE >= 163 THEN 'Voltage greater then 3.2V
GOTO TURN_OFF_PULSE
ENDIF

IF PIN_VOLTAGE <= 160 THEN 'Voltage less then 3.2V
GOTO TURN_ON_PULSE
ENDIF

TURN_ON_PULSE:
TRISIO.2 = 0 'Turn ouput pulse on - make timer an output
low GPIO.4 'Turn Red LED off
HIGH GPIO.5 'Turn Green LED on
PAUSE 32 'Wait 0.5sec
LOW GPIO.5 'Turn Green LED off
PAUSE 32 'Wait 0.5sec
GOTO BEGIN

TURN_OFF_PULSE:
TRISIO.2 = 1 'Turn output pulse off - make timer an input
HIGH GPIO.4 'Turn on Red LED
goto begin

END

[Bruce]

Here are a few ways to do this without using a slower osc.

For a PIC12F1822 using a compare interrupt.



@ __config _CONFIG1, _FOSC_INTOSC & _MCLRE_OFF & _CLKOUTEN_OFF
@ __config _CONFIG2, _PLLEN_OFF & _LVP_OFF

DEFINE INTHAND HzOut

LED VAR PORTA.0

TRISA = 0
ANSELA = 0 ' All digital

CCP1CON = %00001011 ' Compare mode with auto reset of Timer1
CCPR1H = $06 ' Load for match every 1,538uS
CCPR1L = $02 ' 1,538uS x 2 = 3.076mS. 1/3.076mS = ~325.09 Hz
OSCCON = %01101000 ' 4MHz internal osc
T1CON = %00000001 ' Enable Timer1, 1:1 rescale
PIR1.2 = 0 ' Clear int flag before enabling interrupt
PIE1 = %00000100 ' Enable CCP1 interrupt
INTCON = %11000000 ' Global & peripheral ints enabled

Main:
TOGGLE LED ; Do whatever here. You have ~1,538 instruction
PAUSE 1000 ; cycles before each interrupt
GOTO Main

ASM
HzOut ; Eats-up 5 instruction cycles
MOVLW B'00000100' ; Load WREG with %00000100 for XOR op below
XORWF PORTA,F ; Toggle PORTA,2 on each 1/2 cycle
BCF PIR1,CCP1IF ; Clear CCP1 interrupt flag
RETFIE ; Go get some more
ENDASM

END
And one for the 12F683 using Timer2/PR2 match interrupt;


@ __config _INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT & _WDT_OFF & _MCLRE_OFF & _CP_OFF

DEFINE INTHAND HzOut

wsave VAR BYTE $70 SYSTEM
ssave VAR BYTE BANK0 SYSTEM
psave VAR BYTE BANK0 SYSTEM

LED VAR GPIO.0

TRISIO = 0
ANSEL = 0 ' All digital
CMCON0 = 7
OSCCON = %01100000 ' 4MHz internal osc
T2CON = %00111100 ' Enable Timer2, 1:1 prescale / 1:8 postscale
PIR1.1 = 0 ' Clear TMR2 int flag before enabling interrupt
PIE1 = %00000010 ' Enable TMR2 interrupt
INTCON = %11000000 ' Global & peripheral ints enabled
PR2 = 191

Main:
TOGGLE LED ; Do whatever here.
PAUSE 1000 ;
GOTO Main

ASM
HzOut
movwf wsave ; Save W
swapf STATUS,W ; Swap STATUS to W (swap avoids changing STATUS)
clrf STATUS ; Clear STATUS
movwf ssave ; Save swapped STATUS
movf PCLATH,W ; Move PCLATH to W
movwf psave ; Save PCLATH

MOVLW B'00000100' ; Load WREG with %00000100 for XOR op below
XORWF GPIO,F ; Toggle GPIO,2 on each 1/2 cycle

BCF PIR1,TMR2IF ; Clear TMR2 interrupt flag

movf psave,W ; Retrieve PCLATH value
movwf PCLATH ; Restore it to PCLATH
swapf ssave,W ; Retrieve the swapped STATUS value (swap to avoid changing STATUS)
movwf STATUS ; Restore it to STATUS
swapf wsave,F ; Swap the stored W value
swapf wsave,W ; Restore it to W (swap to avoid changing STATUS)

retfie ; Go get some more
ENDASM

END

Interrupts are a LOT faster & easier with newer PIC types with auto context save/restore.

[madbass1]

Bruce,
In your code for the pic12f683, is there a way I could define a 85% duty cycle for the 325Hz signal?

[Bruce]

Not without several modifications, but Darrel has a very handy routine at the link below you should find helpful - along with a brief explanation of how you could alter the above to work. http://www.pbpgroup.com/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=6

[Dick Ivers]

Bruce,

Questions about your code for the 12F1822. Yes, I looked it up and there are some new chips that have auto context save/restore.

Does the interrupt handler have to be written in ASM? Not that it's a problem, the routines are usually short and simple. Also, can more than one type of interrupt be running together?

[Bruce]

Bruce,
Does the interrupt handler have to be written in ASM? Not that it's a problem, the routines are usually short and simple. Also, can more than one type of interrupt be running together?
No it doesn't necessarily have to be in assembler, but it's a lot faster if it is. If you prefer to use BASIC then look into using DT_INTs.

Yes - you can have every interrupt that's available enabled. You just need to check in the interrupt handler to see which one triggered the interrupt.