8-bit Bootloader from Microchip


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  1. #1
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    Default 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    Hi All,

    I've heard about bootloaders for the last 14 years but never tried myself because I didn't have really the need for it.

    Today, still the same, no real need...but I'm curious to now how it works

    I found this on Microchip's site:https://www.microchip.com/promo/8-bit-bootloader

    Is it something I "can" start with or is it already a "complicated" tool that will give me some more sleepless nights until I give up?

    If it is worth a try, can anyone give me the "initial kick" to get a good start? I mean, what do I need (tools, programs, whatsoever...) to make things start the right way?
    Roger

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    Default Bootloader basics.....

    I really need some basics on bootloaders because the more I read about this subject, the more I'm getting lost...

    Please correct me and I apologize for the the order of my questions - there is none :

    1.- a bootloader is a small piece of HEX code that I flash into the PIC via (i.e.) a PICKit2 or 3 programmer like any other (simple) program I make. Correct?

    2.- once the bootloader is in the chip, I must upload my programs in HEX format via serial com (if the bootloader is made for serial com) to the PIC using its hardware UART. Correct?

    3.- the bootloader code has to be adapted to each particular chip I'm using - I don't know in details "what" and "how" but it seems to be always about crystal speed, fuses (configs), bps and memory location, etc. Correct?

    4.- what is a software like TinyBootloader exactly doing? Is it only there to serially upload a program into the PIC or does it generate the bootloader code or what?

    5.- lots of videos show the use of MPLAB to "implement" bootloaders; is it mandatory?

    6.- "self programming" has nothing to do with a PIC that can write to its program memory on runtime (i.e. WRITECODE). Correct?

    Thanks in advance.... for your patience
    Roger

  3. #3
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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    1.- a bootloader is a small piece of HEX code that I flash into the PIC via (i.e.) a PICKit2 or 3 programmer like any other (simple) program I make. Correct?
    yes
    2.- once the bootloader is in the chip, I must upload my programs in HEX format via serial com (if the bootloader is made for serial com) to the PIC using its hardware UART. Correct?
    not really , your hex code file data is sent by the bootloader program in a serial format to your pic using its hardware UART


    3.- the bootloader code has to be adapted to each particular chip I'm using - I don't know in details "what" and "how" but it seems to be always about crystal speed, fuses (configs), bps and memory location, etc. Correct?
    yes
    4.- what is a software like TinyBootloader exactly doing? Is it only there to serially upload a program into the PIC or does it generate the bootloader code or what?
    see q2 , it does not make any code


    5.- lots of videos show the use of MPLAB to "implement" bootloaders; is it mandatory?
    the pic receiver code for bootloaders is generally asm code and compiled in mplab with mpasm , the umc bootloader is a variation


    6.- "self programming" has nothing to do with a PIC that can write to its program memory on runtime (i.e. WRITECODE). Correct?
    WRITECODE is small subset of a pic's self programming capability, pics that cant self program cannot bootload
    Warning I'm not a teacher

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    Default Bootloader basics.....

    Thanks Richard.

    I'm getting somehow out of the fog but I still need more info...

    2.- once the bootloader is in the chip, I must upload my programs in HEX format via serial com (if the bootloader is made for serial com) to the PIC using its hardware UART. Correct?
    not really , your hex code file data is sent by the bootloader program in a serial format to your pic using its hardware UART
    2a.- is my program (not the bootloader) going to be in HEX format or does it have to be generated in some other format?

    2b.- does it mean that once the bootloader sits inside the chip, I need a particular terminal software to upload the program into the chip or does any terminal software do the trick?



    4.- what is a software like TinyBootloader exactly doing? Is it only there to serially upload a program into the PIC or does it generate the bootloader code or what?
    see q2 , it does not make any code
    4.- what is then so "special" with this software (and all other particular bootloader software) if it is not generating or supplying the "bootloader code"? I thought it was providing THE bootloader code for some specific chip one would need.



    5.- lots of videos show the use of MPLAB to "implement" bootloaders; is it mandatory?
    The pic receiver code for bootloaders is generally asm code and compiled in mplab with mpasm , the umc bootloader is a variation
    5.- I'm using the MCS editor with MPASM compiler. As far as I now, I can (I truly can't since I don't know assembler ) insert ASM code into my PICBasic programs. If this is correct, can I copy/paste à bootloader code in MCS editor an program my chip like I would do for any other program?



    7.- would it possible to paste a bootloader code on the top of my program and flash it into the chip (like an image file for further mass programming purpose)?
    Roger

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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    2a.- is my program (not the bootloader) going to be in HEX format or does it have to be generated in some other format?
    you do nothing different other than put #define loader 1 [or whatever the syntax is ]


    2b.- does it mean that once the bootloader sits inside the chip, I need a particular terminal software to upload the program into the chip or does any terminal software do the trick?
    only if you want to use and keep the b-loader , if you use another programmer the b-loader will be erased

    4.- what is then so "special" with this software (and all other particular bootloader software) if it is not generating or supplying the "bootloader code"? I thought it was providing THE bootloader code for some specific chip one would need.





    the pc part of the bootloader prgm reads the hex file and parses in into blocks to be serially transferred into the chip , the already loaded pic component of the bootloader knows how to read the data and then write it into the pic codespace when the pc component is detected
    bootloaders all do the same thing , none of them do it the same way


    5.- I'm using the MCS editor with MPASM compiler. As far as I now, I can (I truly can't since I don't know assembler ) insert ASM code into my PICBasic programs. If this is correct, can I copy/paste à bootloader code in MCS editor an program my chip like I would do for any other program?

    you only need the assembler to create the pic component , its a separate process only done once, the bootloader cares not who or what makes the hex file to be loaded

    7.- would it possible to paste a bootloader code on the top of my program and flash it into the chip (like an image file for further mass programming purpose)?
    totally unnecessary


    http://tinypicbootload.sourceforge.net/
    look at firmwares microchip pic16
    Last edited by richard; - 29th June 2020 at 10:45.
    Warning I'm not a teacher

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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    Thank you Richard.

    I'm going to have a look at the link you posted and try before asking more
    Roger

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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    Since I own MCSP (I forgot the included bootloader....), I give it a try.

    I'm using a PIC18F2431 and here is my blinky:

    Code:
    DEFINE LOADER_USED 1
    
    #CONFIG
     __CONFIG _CONFIG1H, _OSC_IRCIO_1H & _FCMEN_ON_1H & _IESO_OFF_1H
    #ENDCONFIG
    
    OSCCON  = %01100000 ' set INTRC to 4 MHZ
    
    MAIN:
        Toggle PORTA.7  ' LED
        pause 500
        goto MAIN
    END

    What did I do then?

    1.- I flashed my PIC via PICKit3 with le bootloader file from MCS ("18F2431_04.hex") and checked if it was really there; yes, it is in the PIC!
    Name:  bootloader in PIC.png
Views: 1633
Size:  77.8 KB
    ...the rest of the code is way down in the memory - but it is there!


    2.- I realised this serial programming circuit:
    Name:  prg_circuit.png
Views: 2314
Size:  16.8 KB
    My FTDI cable is plugged in my PC and is "COM3".


    3.- I launched the Loader from within MCSP and loaded my "Blinky_18F2431.hex" file previously compiled:
    Name:  loader.png
Views: 1345
Size:  20.9 KB


    4.- When I clic on "Program" in the Loader, I get following message:
    Name:  error loader.png
Views: 1364
Size:  3.7 KB


    Since I couldn't make it work, I tried to connect a button between MCLG and GND to make a "manual" reset but it doesn't help either.

    There seems to be nothing to configure in the FTDI chip to activate/deactivate the RTS pin so I admit it is working.

    Any clue what I'm doing wrong or missing?
    Roger

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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    When using the MCSP bootloader you have to understand that it is the CONFIG of the bootloader .hex file that you initially flashed into into the PIC that's "in play" and not the CONFIG in your source file. The boorloader will completely ignore whatever CONFIG you include in your source file.

    IIRC the bootloader(s) are setup for external x-tal. Your schematic indicates that you don't have one connected and your code indicates you're expecting the PIC to run on its internal oscillator - which it won't IF the bootloader dictates otherwise.

    Some PICs allows you to change primary osillator at runtime but I don't think the old 2431 is one of them.

    /Henrik.

  9. #9
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    Default Bootloader from MicroCode Studio Plus

    Thank you so much Henrik!!!

    I adapted my code to free up the OSC pins, put a crystal and 2 capacitors and....it worked instantly!!

    May I kindly ask you how I can "create" or "modifiy" the bootloader file to adapt it to my needs please?
    Roger

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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    if you own mcs plus then its in this folder / if not you won't have the build files

    C:\Program Files (x86)\Mecanique\MCSPX\MCLoader\umc\documentation

    its an adventure not worth the trip in my experience
    Warning I'm not a teacher

  11. #11
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    Default Bootloader from MicroCode Studio

    Quote Originally Posted by richard View Post
    its an adventure not worth the trip in my experience
    What do you mean exactly if I may ask? Is customizing such a file overwhelming?

    But if one has the need of a system that must be "updateable" without a programmer, what would be the alternative?
    Last edited by flotulopex; - 3rd August 2020 at 11:14.
    Roger

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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    What do you mean exactly if I may ask? Is customizing such a file overwhelming?
    every chip type needs its own loader asm file ,every different config of that chip may need it own version, pll use brings another set of issues
    newer chip types aren't supported at all . the included device files are barely populated and need work to add chips.
    its not particularly difficult just ugly and untidy



    But if one has the need of a system that must be "updateable" without a programmer, what would be the alternative?
    use C in mplabx it has a built in bootloader for mcc supported chips if you really want one. i prefer to just add an icsp socket.
    for sold to customer products its a return to base for updates.
    better still these days do everything on a esp8266 and use ota to update [no wires no problem all via wifi]
    Warning I'm not a teacher

  13. #13
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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    My advice. Forget all about bootloader. It just not worth it.

    With ICSP you have:

    1. Better programming speed
    2. Safer and works with ALL chips, not only with those that a bootloader exists.
    3. No use of UART
    4. Free to use any CONFIG you want
    5. Free to use any clock speed you want

    Once I used bootloader but after using ICSP (with Pickit 2, Pickit 3 and ICD3) never used it again.

    Ioannis

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    Default ...so now, let's try ISCP ;-)

    Thank you Richard and Ioannis, I appreciate your advice.

    I've never tried ISCP either so let's discover this one
    Roger

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    Default Re: 8-bit Bootloader from Microchip

    After using it with the Microchip IPE (which is not very good design IMHO), I found this one http://www.pickitplus.co.uk/Typesetter/ for my Pickit2 and Pickit3.

    It is a stand alone application that is maintained and updated on a regular basis by Evan Venn, a very helpful person.

    Using ICSP is very easy. You connect through 5 pins the MCU (MCLR, +Vdd, GND, CLK and DATA) either permanent while developing or momentarily only for programming and hit WRITE and you are ready.

    Only take care not to load too much the CLK and DATA lines (PortB.6 and PortB.7) which leads to programming failure.

    And best of all, you can even supply with 3.3 or 5 volts the MCU through the Pickit. I had successfully supplied a circuit with 4x20 backlit LCD.

    Ioannis
    Last edited by Ioannis; - 5th August 2020 at 21:12.

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