HEDS5540 optical encoder

[louislouis]

Hello boys,
I'm new on the forum and beginner in programming. I try to create a simple digital readout for X-axis on to my small lathe.
For simplicity I want to use rotary encoder and rack and pinion drive to measure distance.
I read and try all suitable codes I have found on the forum but a little success. I try combine this pieces of codes, but no success.
Please can someone to help me how to implement this code to functional end. MCU is 16F628A thank You for help.
This is my code:

INCLUDE "DT_INTS-14.bas"        ; Base Interrupt System
INCLUDE "ReEnterPBP.bas"        ; Include if using PBP interrupts
 

'                       PIC 16F628A
' PicBasic program to demonstrate operation of an LCD in 4-bit mode
'          and reading an optical encoder in quadrature
'
' LCD should be connected as follows:
'       LCD     PIC
'       DB4     PortA.0
'       DB5     PortA.1
'       DB6     PortA.2
'       DB7     PortA.3
'       RS      PortA.4 (add 4.7K pullup resistor to 5 volts)
'       E       PortB.0
'       RW      Ground
'       Vdd     5 volts
'       Vss     Ground
'       Vo      20K potentiometer (or ground)
'       DB0-3   No connect
;       encoder ch A PortB.6
;       encoder ch B PortB.7

#config
   __config _HS_OSC & _WDT_ON & _PWRTE_ON & _MCLRE_OFF & _LVP_OFF & _CPD_OFF 
  #endconfig
  
DEFINE OSC 20  
  
TRISA    = %00000000 ' Make all PortA pins output
TRISB    = %11100000

Define LCD_DREG PORTA
Define LCD_DBIT 0
Define LCD_RSREG PORTA
define LCD_RSBIT 4
define LCD_EREG PORTB
define LCD_EBIT 0
define LCD_BITS 4
define LCD_LINES 2
define LCD_COMMANDUS 2000
define LCD_DATAUS 50

Flag var bit
wsave VAR BYTE    $70     SYSTEM  ; alternate save location for W 
enc_new VAR BYTE
enc_old VAR BYTE
enc_counter VAR WORD

; Set variable value @ startup
Flag = 0          
enc_new = 0
enc_old= 0
enc_counter = 0
        

Lcdout $fe, 1                       ' Clear LCD screen
Lcdout "Encoder test"               ' Display message
Pause 500 
@ INT_ENABLE RBC_INT            ; enable external (INT) interrupts
goto main_loop


asm
INT_LIST  macro    ; IntSource,        Label,  Type, Resetflag?
        INT_Handler    RBC_INT, _enc,  ASM,  yes
    endm
    INT_CREATE                      ; Creates the interrupt processor
    ;================================================
endasm
enc:
asm    

    ;Read latest input from PORTB & put the value in _enc_new.

         movf    PORTB,W
         movwf  _enc_new

         ;Strip off all but the 2 MSBs in _enc_new.

         movlw    B'11000000'    ;Create bit mask (bits 7 & 6).
         andwf   _enc_new,F         ;Zero bits 5 thru 0.

         ;Determine the direction of the Rotary encoder.  

         rlf     _enc_old,F         ;left shift it into _enc_old to align bit 6 of 
                                ;_enc_old with bit 7 of _enc_new.

         movf    _enc_new,W         ;Move the contents of _enc_new to W in order to XOR.
         xorwf   _enc_old,F        ;XOR previous inputs (in _enc_old) with latest
                                ;inputs (in W) to determine CW or CCW.
 
          btfsc   _enc_old,7         ;Test bit 7 of result (in _enc_old).  Skip next line
                             ;if it is 0 (direction is CCW).
         goto    Up            ;Bit is 1 (direction is CW).  Go around Down
                             ;and increment counter.


Down
         ;Decrements _enc_counter because the rotary encoder moved CCW.
    ;Decrements _enc_counter (16 bit value), sets Z on exit.
              
        decf    _enc_counter,F      ; Decrement low byte
        incfsz  _enc_counter,W      ; Check for underflow
        incf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Update
        decf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Fixup
        movf    _enc_counter,W
        iorwf   _enc_counter+1,W    ; Set Z bit
        
    ;Add here code for the CCW LED if needed.
         
         goto    Continue          ;Branch around UP.

Up
         ;Increments _enc_counter because the rotary encoder moved CW.
    ;Increments _enc_counter (16 bit value), sets Z on exit.

        incfsz  _enc_counter,W      ; Add one to low byte
        decf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; No carry (negates next step)
        incf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Add one to high byte
        movwf   _enc_counter        ; Store updated low byte back.
        iorwf   _enc_counter+1,W    ; Set Z flag
        
    ;Add here code for the CW LED if needed.
    
Continue 
         
         ;Assign the latest encoder inputs (in _enc_new) to _enc_old.

         movf     _enc_new,W
         movwf   _enc_old

    ;============ END OF THE ROTARY ENCODER CODE =====
    endasm                     
@ INT_RETURN

Main_Loop:   
  
if Flag = 1 then
Lcdout $fe, 1                    
Lcdout Dec enc_counter     ; display counter value on LCD
Flag = 0
endif
goto Main_Loop
end

[richard]

if Flag = 1 then

nowhere in your code is flag ever set to 1

[louislouis]

you're right, in the ASM code I not have defined the flag=1. The question is how to do that.

[richard]

easiest way

Flag var byte
wsave VAR BYTE    $70     SYSTEM  ; alternate save location for W 
enc_new VAR BYTE
enc_old VAR BYTE
enc_counter VAR WORD

asm    

    ;Read latest input from PORTB & put the value in _enc_new.
         MOVE?CB    1 ,_Flag
         movf    PORTB,W
         movwf  _enc_new

         ;Strip off all but the 2 MSBs in _enc_new.

         movlw    B'11000000'    ;Create bit mask (bits 7 & 6).
         andwf   _enc_new,F         ;Zero bits 5 thru 0.

         ;Determine the direction of the

[mark_s]

Richard's way is the best. Just for referece it could also be done without asm since its not time sensitive.

old_enc_counter var word
Main_Loop:   
  
if enc_counter<> old_enc_counter then 'If change update LCD
Lcdout $fe, 1                    
Lcdout Dec enc_counter     ; display counter value on LCD
old_enc_counter = enc_counter
endif
goto Main_Loop
end

[louislouis]

hmm, I try it and no change, still only the "encoder test" message on the LCD.
This line is ok MOVE?CB 1 ,_Flag what means the question mark.

[richard]

This line is ok MOVE?CB 1 ,_Flag what means the question mark.

NOTHING , MOVE?CB IS THE NAME OF A PBP MACRO that moves a constant to a byte var
advantage is that the macro does all the banksel for you

more proper would be FOR YOUR isr vars

Flag var bit  bank0
enc_new VAR BYTE  bank0
enc_old VAR BYTE  bank0
enc_counter VAR WORD  bank0

[richard]

plus I would rearrange the code like this , the way you have it the interrupt is enabled before its created
which may not be a good thing

 INCLUDE "DT_INTS-14.bas"        ; Base Interrupt System
INCLUDE "ReEnterPBP.bas"        ; Include if using PBP interrupts
 
'                       PIC 16F628A
' PicBasic program to demonstrate operation of an LCD in 4-bit mode
'          and reading an optical encoder in quadrature
'
' LCD should be connected as follows:
'       LCD     PIC
'       DB4     PortA.0
'       DB5     PortA.1
'       DB6     PortA.2
'       DB7     PortA.3
'       RS      PortA.4 (add 4.7K pullup resistor to 5 volts)
'       E       PortB.0
'       RW      Ground
'       Vdd     5 volts
'       Vss     Ground
'       Vo      20K potentiometer (or ground)
'       DB0-3   No connect
;       encoder ch A PortB.6
;       encoder ch B PortB.7
 
Define LCD_DREG PORTA
Define LCD_DBIT 0
Define LCD_RSREG PORTA
define LCD_RSBIT 4
define LCD_EREG PORTB
define LCD_EBIT 0
define LCD_BITS 4
define LCD_LINES 2
define LCD_COMMANDUS 2000
define LCD_DATAUS 50

wsave VAR BYTE    $70     SYSTEM  ; alternate save location for W 
enc_new VAR BYTE   bank0
enc_old VAR BYTE   bank0
enc_counter VAR WORD   bank0
Flag var BYTE        bank0
        
Lcdout $fe, 1                       ' Clear LCD screen
Lcdout "Encoder test"               ' Display message
Pause 500 
 

asm
INT_LIST  macro    ; IntSource,        Label,  Type, Resetflag?
        INT_Handler    RBC_INT, _enc,  ASM,  yes
    endm
    INT_CREATE                      ; Creates the interrupt processor
    ;================================================
endasm
; Set variable value @ startup
Flag = 0          
enc_new = 0
enc_old= 0
enc_counter = 0
@ INT_ENABLE RBC_INT            ; enable external (INT) interrupts
Main_Loop:     
if Flag = 1 then
Lcdout $fe, 1                    
Lcdout Dec enc_counter     ; display counter value on LCD
Flag = 0
endif
goto Main_Loop
end
 
 
 enc:
asm    
    ;Read latest input from PORTB & put the value in _enc_new.
         MOVE?CB 1,_Flag
         movf    PORTB,W
         movwf  _enc_new
         ;Strip off all but the 2 MSBs in _enc_new.
         movlw    B'11000000'    ;Create bit mask (bits 7 & 6).
         andwf   _enc_new,F         ;Zero bits 5 thru 0.
         ;Determine the direction of the Rotary encoder.  
         rlf     _enc_old,F         ;left shift it into _enc_old to align bit 6 of 
                                ;_enc_old with bit 7 of _enc_new.
         movf    _enc_new,W         ;Move the contents of _enc_new to W in order to XOR.
         xorwf   _enc_old,F        ;XOR previous inputs (in _enc_old) with latest
                                ;inputs (in W) to determine CW or CCW.
 
         btfsc   _enc_old,7         ;Test bit 7 of result (in _enc_old).  Skip next line
                             ;if it is 0 (direction is CCW).
         goto    Up            ;Bit is 1 (direction is CW).  Go around Down
                             ;and increment counter.

Down
         ;Decrements _enc_counter because the rotary encoder moved CCW.
    ;Decrements _enc_counter (16 bit value), sets Z on exit.
              
        decf    _enc_counter,F      ; Decrement low byte
        incfsz  _enc_counter,W      ; Check for underflow
        incf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Update
        decf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Fixup
        movf    _enc_counter,W
        iorwf   _enc_counter+1,W    ; Set Z bit
        
    ;Add here code for the CCW LED if needed.
         
         goto    Continue          ;Branch around UP.
Up
         ;Increments _enc_counter because the rotary encoder moved CW.
    ;Increments _enc_counter (16 bit value), sets Z on exit.
        incfsz  _enc_counter,W      ; Add one to low byte
        decf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; No carry (negates next step)
        incf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Add one to high byte
        movwf   _enc_counter        ; Store updated low byte back.
        iorwf   _enc_counter+1,W    ; Set Z flag
        
    ;Add here code for the CW LED if needed.
    
Continue 
         
         ;Assign the latest encoder inputs (in _enc_new) to _enc_old.
         movf     _enc_new,W
         movwf   _enc_old
         INT_RETURN
    ;============ END OF THE ROTARY ENCODER CODE =====
    endasm

[richard]

tried your code on a 500 ppr opto encoder, it seems to be good

modified to run on 16f1825, full quad decode [2000 edges / rev]

  #CONFIG
             __config        _CONFIG1,    _FOSC_INTOSC & _CP_OFF & _WDTE_ON  &  _PWRTE_ON  &  _MCLRE_ON  & _CLKOUTEN_OFF
              __config      _CONFIG2, _PLLEN_ON & _LVP_OFF            
#ENDCONFIG
 
OSCCON=$70 
DEFINE OSC 32

INCLUDE "DT_INTS-14.bas"        ; Base Interrupt System
INCLUDE "ReEnterPBP.bas"        ; Include if using PBP interrupts
 
'                       PIC 16F1825

;       encoder ch A Porta.4
;       encoder ch B Porta.5

enc_new VAR BYTE   bank0
enc_old VAR BYTE   bank0
enc_counter VAR WORD   bank0
Flag var BYTE        bank0
 
TRISA     = %111111    ' Make all pins Input 
trisc     = %11111111   ;Make all pins Input   
ANSELA=0     
ANSELC=0
;SETUP IOC REGS
IOCAP  =    %110000     ;POS EDGE
IOCAN  =    %110000      ;NEG EDGE
IOCAF  =     0             ;CLR INT FLAG
intcon.3 = 1     ;iocie
asm
INT_LIST  macro    ; IntSource,        Label,  Type, Resetflag?
        INT_Handler    IOC_INT, _enc,  ASM,  NO
    endm
    INT_CREATE                      ; Creates the interrupt processor
    
endasm
  ;debug   --------------------------
 TRISA.0     = 0
 lata.0=1
 pause 2000     ;debug
 serout2 PORTa.0,84, ["ready v3",13,10 ]    ;debug
  ;debug ------------------------------------
 
; Set variable value @ startup
Flag = 0          
enc_new = 0
enc_old= 0
enc_counter = 0
@ INT_ENABLE IOC_INT
Main_Loop:     
if Flag = 1 then
 serout2 PORTa.0,84, [#enc_counter,13,10 ]  
Flag = 0
endif
goto Main_Loop
end
 
 
  enc:
asm 
    ;Read latest input from PORTA & put the value in _enc_new.
         MOVE?CB 1,_Flag 
         CHK?RP   PORTA
         movf    PORTA,W
         RST?RP
         movwf  _enc_new
         ;Strip off all but the 2 MSBs in _enc_new.
         movlw    B'00110000'    ;Create bit mask (bits 7 & 6).
         andwf   _enc_new,F         ;Zero bits 5 thru 0.
         ;Determine the direction of the Rotary encoder.  
         
         rlf     _enc_old,F         ;left shift it into _enc_old to align bit 6 of 
                                ;_enc_old with bit 7 of _enc_new.
         movf    _enc_new,W         ;Move the contents of _enc_new to W in order to XOR.
         xorwf   _enc_old,F        ;XOR previous inputs (in _enc_old) with latest
                                ;inputs (in W) to determine CW or CCW.
 
         btfsc   _enc_old,5         ;Test bit 5 of result (in _enc_old).  Skip next line
                             ;if it is 0 (direction is CCW).
         goto    Up            ;Bit is 1 (direction is CW).  Go around Down
                             ;and increment counter.

Down
         ;Decrements _enc_counter because the rotary encoder moved CCW.
    ;Decrements _enc_counter (16 bit value), sets Z on exit.
              
        decf    _enc_counter,F      ; Decrement low byte
        incfsz  _enc_counter,W      ; Check for underflow
        incf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Update
        decf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Fixup
        movf    _enc_counter,W
        iorwf   _enc_counter+1,W    ; Set Z bit
        
    ;Add here code for the CCW LED if needed.
         
         goto    Continue          ;Branch around UP.
Up
         ;Increments _enc_counter because the rotary encoder moved CW.
    ;Increments _enc_counter (16 bit value), sets Z on exit.
        incfsz  _enc_counter,W      ; Add one to low byte
        decf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; No carry (negates next step)
        incf    _enc_counter+1,F    ; Add one to high byte
        movwf   _enc_counter        ; Store updated low byte back.
        iorwf   _enc_counter+1,W    ; Set Z flag
        
    ;Add here code for the CW LED if needed.
    
Continue 
         
         ;Assign the latest encoder inputs (in _enc_new) to _enc_old.
         movf     _enc_new,W
         movwf   _enc_old
         CHK?RP   IOCAF
         CLRF IOCAF
         INT_RETURN
    ;============ END OF THE ROTARY ENCODER CODE =====
    endasm

[louislouis]

Thank You Richard for helping me. The your corrected code works, the routine counts up and down when I turn the encoder shaft cw or ccw, but if i mark the shaft starting position and turn on the MCU the reading is zero thats OK and when i slowly turn for example half turn and go back to marked position the encoder reading is not zero but less or more than zero. I think the routine not count correctly the encoder pulses, maybe the encoder send incorrect signals, I dont know.

[richard]

Thank You Richard for helping me. The your corrected code works, the routine counts up and down when I turn the encoder shaft cw or ccw, but if i mark the shaft starting position and turn on the MCU the reading is zero thats OK and when i slowly turn for example half turn and go back to marked position the encoder reading is not zero but less or more than zero. I think the routine not count correctly the encoder pulses, maybe the encoder send incorrect signals, I dont know

.

I tried my setup again more carefully and verified it works ok, several back and forth motions always returns to the zero mark as zero in either direction, so the question is does rbc_int on your chip react to every edge generated by the encoder the same as ioc_int on a 16f1825 / perhaps not

[louislouis]

Yes, that's the problem. The RBC_INT react with pin RB.0 on port B, because this pin operate the LCD ENABLE pin. If I try to use only portA to operate the LCD (with internal 4MHz oscillator) and on the PORTB pin RB.6 and RB.7 hang only the encoder A and B channel, rest pins configured to output the reading is perfect. Always after turning up and down randomly, slower, quicker etc. when I return to marked starting position the reading is zero. Now, how to solve this problem, how to "tell" to MCU the only pinRB.6 and RB.7 trigger the interrupt, not the entire portB

[richard]

"

If I try to use only portA to operate the LCD (with internal 4MHz oscillator) and on the PORTB pin RB.6 and RB.7 hang only the encoder A and B channel, rest pins configured to output the reading is perfect.

yes , makes sense . unfortunately setting or clearing a bit on a pic port entails a read of that port first , any read of portb clears the mismatch condition state for the rbc interrupt.
so even though only the bits 4 to 7 that are set as inputs can cause an interrupt on change a write to your "e" pin can cause changes to be missed .
if it won't keep up with the encoder using the int osc then use an i2c lcd display or a different pic

[louislouis]

For testing and learning the 16F628A is seems to be OK. But now I try to convert the pulse reading to distance. One full encoder turn generates 1440 pulses. The wheel diameter is 25mm, the circumference is 157mm. I want reading precision to 0,1mm. I try basic math like:

Main_Loop: 
if Flag = 1 then 
let counter = (enc_counter/36) * 157 / 4
Lcdout $fe, 1                    
lcdout  Dec counter     ; display counter value on LCD
Flag = 0
endif
goto Main_Loop

But the precision is terrible, can you explain me the right way?

[richard]

But the precision is terrible, can you explain me the right way?

157/1440 = .109 mm per encoder tick

.109 * 256 * 10 = 279

distance * 10 = (counts * 279)/256

to use pbp's higest resolution integer functions

counter = enc_counter */ 279 

lcdout  Dec counter/10 ,".", dec counter//10     ; display counter value on LCD

problem here is that when enc_counter > 60000 [or thereabouts] the internal 32bit result will overflow and the result will be wrong
you could look at nbit math


ps you could also use div32

counter = enc_counter * 1000
counter =  div32 917

lcdout  Dec counter/10 ,".", dec counter//10     ; display counter value on LCD

[louislouis]

Thank You Richard for helping me. That's great, now the "core" of my distance meter works perfectly. Yes, the max. distance what I can measure is near six and a half meter which is enough for me. If I want to measure more than 6,5m simply zeroed the reading and start count from that point. Now I must implement negative reading when I go to opposite direction from zero the reading must be from -1..... to -655,3.
Your explanation helping me a lot, once again Thank You.

[louislouis]

I finally assembled my distance meter based on rotary optical encoder and precision wheel. But still I have problem with math and precision.
For example, wheel circumference is 157mm, and when I take a 30 revs the result must be 4710mm, but the MCU calculates only 4708,1mm which is 1,9mm difference. Is there a way to improve the precision?
I use Richard's math:
157/1440 = .109 mm per encoder tick
.109 * 256 * 10 = 279
distance * 10 = (counts * 279)/256

counter = enc_counter */ 279 
lcdout  Dec counter/10 ,".", dec counter//10     ; display counter value on LCD

The precision 0,1mm is enough for me, the max. measurable distance want be 6000mm. I try some change, if I improve the precision to 0.01mm then the max. measurable distance shortened to 600mm and this not enough.

[richard]

you could look at nbit math or use a pic18 and long vars

you can glean a bit more precision breaking the calc up a bit

where 43200 counts would give 4709.2

 
frac = enc_counter.lowbyte * 1090         
posn1  = div32 100          ;mm*100          ;mv 2790
posn2 = (enc_counter.highbyte&15) * 2791  ; mm*100   mv 41865
frac = (enc_counter.highbyte>>4) * 44657
posn3 =  div32 100                       ;mm     mv6698

posn3=  posn3 + (posn1+posn2)/100       ;mm
frac=   ((posn1+posn2)//100 +5)/10        ;round it up
serout2 PORTa.0,84, [13,10,#enc_counter,9,dec posn3,".",#frac       ]

[louislouis]

Hello Richard, thank you again for help. Your code works and take a little improvement. I make some changes, first got a smaller precision wheel dia. 25mm (circ. 78,53975mm) and divide the encoder reading /2. Now the encoder reading is only 720 per one rev.
The code is as follows:

Main_Loop:
enc_counter = enc_counter /2
if Flag = 1 then 
frac = enc_counter.lowbyte * 1090         
posn1  = div32 100          ;mm*100          
posn2 = (enc_counter.highbyte&15) * 2794  ; mm*100   
frac = (enc_counter.highbyte>>4) * 44680
posn3 =  div32 100                       ;mm     
posn3=  posn3 + (posn1+posn2)/100       ;mm
frac=   ((posn1+posn2)//100 +10)/10        ;round it up
 
Lcdout $fe, 1
lcdout  "Dist: ",dec posn3,".",#frac
Flag = 0
endif 
goto Main_Loop

Now I can measure up to 7100mm, but still more or less precise.
Next step will be order one of the PIC18x mcu and try long variables.
Here are suitable to use the same encoder reading code (written in ASM) and simple change the word var to long var?
I think its not that easy. When I have the 18x PIC I think, I will need more help with this project. Thanks.

[richard]

frac= ((posn1+posn2)//100 +10)/10 ;round it up

is incorrect , it will round the number up always

frac= ((posn1+posn2)//100 +5)/10 ;round it up

is the way to round the number up if the last digit is 5 or more

[richard]

using n-bit math

result

ready v3
turns 23 f 489
33609 3664.3145
turns 23 f 486
33606 3663.9875
turns 23 f 484
33604 3663.7694

 Include "N-Bit_MATH.pbp" 
 
enc_new VAR BYTE   bank0
enc_old VAR BYTE   bank0
enc_counter VAR WORD   bank0
Flag var BYTE        bank0
tmp         var  byte[4]
res         var  byte[4]
tmp1        var  byte[4]
posn        var WORD
turns       var word
frac        var WORD
 
 
 
; Set variable value @ startup
Flag = 1                   ;preset a value    for testing
enc_new = 0
enc_old= 0
enc_counter = 33609      ;preset a value    for testing

 
Main_Loop:     
if Flag = 1 then
turns=  enc_counter /1440
frac=   enc_counter //1440
serout2 PORTa.0,84, [13,10,"turns ",#turns,9,"f ",#frac ] 
if frac then
@  MOVE?CP 157000, _tmp  
@  MOVE?WP _frac, _tmp1  
@  MATH_MUL  _tmp1, _tmp, _res 
@  MOVE?CP 1440000, _tmp
@  MATH_DIV  _res, _tmp, _tmp1
@  MOVE?PW _tmp1, _posn
@  MOVE?CP 144, _tmp
@  MATH_DIV  REG_Z, _tmp, _tmp1
@  MOVE?PW _tmp1, _frac
endif
posn=posn+turns*157
serout2 PORTa.0,84, [13,10,#enc_counter,9,dec4 posn,".",dec4 frac       ] 
 
 
 
Flag = 0
endif
goto Main_Loop
end

[louislouis]

I try to compile your code. I downloaded the N-Bit_MATH.pbp include, but the compiler stops with this error message:
"Bad data type"

If I try to compile only the N-Bit_MATH.pbp (only for test) and its do not compile. Stops on first line:
REG_X VAR BYTE[PRECISION] BANK0 SYSTEM
with the same error message MCU is the same 16F628A, For test I try also 16F688 with the same result. Something I'am doing wrong, I think.

[HenrikOlsson]

You need to define the constant PRECISION and assign it a value equal to the number of bytes to use for the values in the math routine. And you need to do this before including N-Bit. In this case it looks like Richard opted for 32bit values (4 bytes)

PRECISION CON 4 SYSTEM    '32bit values
Include "N-Bit_Math.pbp"

If you open the N-Bit file you'll find a link to the thread on this forum: http://www.picbasic.co.uk/forum/showthread.php?t=12433

/Henrik.

[louislouis]

Yes, right. I forgot this line. After putting this line as you say the code compiles OK. Now I do some testing and trying to understand the code.