A to D on the PIC16F687

[jblackann]

Hello, I am trying to just make a demo program so I can view the Ato D value on my LCD. I am not having good luck. I looked at another post that discussed problems with A to D on the 16F876. I was using this as a guide but something is not right.

I am trying to read a pot on RA4/AN3. I am reading a value but as I adjust my pot the numbers do not count up in a linear fashion. It will count from 0 to 1 to 2 for 7/8 of the single turn pot and then the numbers jump to 255 very quickly. This is linear pot and I should be gettng a linear increase or decrease.

Here is my code and the settings that I believe are relavant. The code is supposed to read the voltage from the pot and update a LCD to tell me the output. Thanks for any help.
----------------------------------------
AD_AN3 VAR PORTA.4
AD_AN3_VALUE VAR byte
DEFINE ADC_BITS 8 ' set number of bits in result
DEFINE ADC_CLOCK 3 ' set clock source
DEFINE ADC_SAMPLEUS 50 ' set sampling time for microseconds

MENU:
LCDOUT $FE, 1 ' Clear LCD screen
A_D_AN3:
ADCON0 = %00001101
PAUSEUS 50 ' wait 50 microsec
' ADCON0.2 = 1 'start conversion(bit 2= 1)
' WHILE ADCON0.2 = 1
' WEND ' wait for conversion
ADCIN 3, AD_AN3_VALUE ' read channel 3 to AD_AN3_VALUE
LCDOUT $FE, 1 ' Clear LCD screen
LCDOUT "A to D Value"
LCDOUT $FE, $C0, #AD_AN3_VALUE
PAUSe 100
BUTTON FUNCTION_BUTTON, 1, 255, 0, C2, 1, ON_TIME_FUNC
GOTO A_D_AN3

[schu4647]

where to begin. First you need to make port a an input. Second there are two AD registers 1 and 2. Third I would put the register setup before your main program. you only need to do it once. Try this.

DEFINE ADC_BITS 8 ' set number of bits in result
DEFINE ADC_CLOCK 3 ' set clock source
DEFINE ADC_SAMPLEUS 50 ' set sampling time for microseconds
ADCON0 = %10000000 'I think this formats the result
ADCON1 = %00000000 'I think this defines if ports are A or D. The first 0 may need to be a 1
trisa = %11111111 'Port A is input
AD_AN3 VAR PORTA.4
AD_AN3_VALUE VAR byte

pause 500 'LCD's need to initialise before sending data
LCDOUT $FE, 1 ' Clear LCD screen

A_D_AN3:
PAUSEUS 50 ' wait 50 microsec
ADCIN 3, AD_AN3_VALUE ' read channel 3 to AD_AN3_VALUE
LCDOUT $FE, 1 ' Clear LCD screen
LCDOUT "A to D Value"
LCDOUT $FE, $C0, #AD_AN3_VALUE
PAUSe 100
BUTTON FUNCTION_BUTTON, 1, 255, 0, C2, 1, ON_TIME_FUNC
GOTO A_D_AN3

If it still doesn't work its all about setting the bits in ADCON0 and 1 correctly. See the datasheet

[mister_e]

be sure your pot impedance meet the maximum impedance stated in the datasheet too.

ADCON1.7=1 ' Right justified results..

Also depending of your OSC speed, you may need to increase your sampling time, and you may want to add a tiny 0.01-0.1 uF capacitor at the PIC input to smooth the results.

[schu4647]

I just realized a mistake I told you. You may want to move your LCD off of port A since you are using that for your A to D. I don't know if it will work after making in input and analog. The book tells how to change it.

[psdayama]

Hi,
have U checked with multimeter that U are getting proper voltage on
wiper of POT? Unless that is confirmed then no use of banging head like
Mister_E on program and PIC. ;-)
It is possible that pot has mechanical problems at ground end and
after wiper moves few turns the ground end opens and U get full voltage
on wiper!!
As U are getting upto say number 10 then this is a probability.

[Acetronics2]

4 Errors found before compiling : ( between star lines ...)



DEFINE ADC_BITS 8 ' set number of bits in result
DEFINE ADC_CLOCK 3 ' set clock source
DEFINE ADC_SAMPLEUS 50 ' set sampling time for microseconds
ADCON0 = %10000000 'I think this formats the result
ADCON1 = %00000000 'I think this defines if ports are A or D. The first 0 may need to be a 1
trisa = %11111111 'Port A is input
AD_AN3 VAR PORTA.4
'************************************************* *********************
FUNCTION_BUTTON VAR PORTB.X ' TO BE DECLARED AS YOUR REQUIREMENTS !!!
'************************************************* ********************
AD_AN3_VALUE VAR byte
'************************************************* *********************
C2 VAR Byte 'TO BE DECLARED "
'************************************************* *********************
pause 500 'LCD's need to initialise before sending data
LCDOUT $FE, 1 ' Clear LCD screen

A_D_AN3:
PAUSEUS 50 ' wait 50 microsec
ADCIN 3, AD_AN3_VALUE ' read channel 3 to AD_AN3_VALUE
LCDOUT $FE, 1 ' Clear LCD screen
LCDOUT "A to D Value"
LCDOUT $FE, $C0, #AD_AN3_VALUE
PAUSe 100
'************************************************* ********************
C2 = 0 ' TO BE INITIALISED HERE !!!
'************************************************* ********************
BUTTON FUNCTION_BUTTON, 1, 255, 0, C2, 1, ON_TIME_FUNC
GOTO A_D_AN3

'************************************************* ********************
ON_TIME_FUNC: ' TO BE SOMEWHERE to be called !!!

' What is it supposed to do ???????????????????
'************************************************* *********************

END




NOW still hardware mix ... We continue : your LCD is "standard connected" ... so you MUST pass its RS pin to PORTB ( see defines list) to get RA4 free, as you want it an analog input. You also must declare ALL other PORTA pins as DIGITAL ( see ADCON bytes)

Sorry, I did not verify if defaults LCD connexions are the same for F687 or F84 ... but there's no reason for a difference in the pin names !!!


Now ... we will know if real ADC problems still exist ...

Alain

[jblackann]

I should have stated that I have no problems with getting the LCD to work. I wanted to post only the information that I felt was relative to the what I was trying to accomplish. I also have decided to go about programming the PIC the way I wanted and have deviated from setup in the manual. I do not understand what it is saying that I need to setup all of PortA as inputs. Why would I want to do that if I only wanted to do an A to D on one channel? I want to do A to D on AN3, or PortA.4.

I have worked with A to D in the past on this model (PIC16F687) and had no problems with programming in Assembly. I am new to PICBASIC and am just tryign to figure out how it functions.

I decided to take a look at the pot with a voltmeter and see if I could make sense of what was happening. I read the voltage and it stays low and then jumps to 5V. Once the pot is disconnected from the PIC, the voltage range is linear from 0 to 5V. I must have something configured wrong with the A to D. I will check it out and see what I can find. The pot is a 10K which is what I have used in the past. I will update once I figure it out or repost with more questions.

[Acetronics2]

As I told you ...

the default settings of the LCD USE Porta.4 ... and make it AUTOMATICALLY an OUTPUT to drive the RS LCD pin.
So, you MUST free up Porta.4 and then re-assign RS Drive.

YES, your LCD will work ... but not the ADC input !!!

so, otherwise you had not told us everything, or the Pic ref is not 687, you have your pot wiper AND the RS pin tied together ... not that good.

No use to set ALL Porta to input : the LCDout statement will make the to-LCD pins as outputs, each time LCDout command is used.

But, I think a little scheme of yours could really help !!! ... cause you're not so explicit ...

Alain

[jblackann]

Ok, I don't understand why and I hope someone can enlighten me. All I did was change all of my pins on the PortA to inputs. Previously TRISA =%00001000 - my program did not work. I changed TRISA = %0011111 and then the A to D function works fine and my LCD displays a linear value from 0 to 255 for as I turn my pot. I can also read the voltage on the pin and it is linear.

I checked my code and I think must have just had the wrong pin selected as an input. I changed TRISA to TRISA = %00010000 and everything works fine now. Thanks to all of those that posted.

Now that I have gotten that the A to D to work, I have switched to a 10 bit result to get greater resolution.
Does anyone have suggestions as to how to make change the value that I am displaying from 0 to 1024 into a voltage? I guess it would be to take 5 and divided by 1024, so 5/1024 = 0.00488 and use this to multiply the result to come up with a voltage. So say the voltage is 3.5, I would need a reading of 716 multiplied by 0.488 to come up with 3.5V.

Does anyone have a better idea than this to use to display the voltage from a pot? Thanks.

[jblackann]

Well I did some experimenting and here is what I found and it seems to work.

I created a new variable. AD_AN3_VALUE
I am taking the A to D value and changing into a value which gives me an idea as to what voltage I am putting into the pin. The only thing that I am not sure about is to make it display the value with a decimal point. My LCD just displays 1635 for a voltage which is 1.635VDC.

ADCIN 3, AD_AN3_VALUE ' read channel 3 to AD_AN3_VALUE
AD_AN3_Volt = AD_AN3_VALUE * (5 //1023)
LCDOUT $FE, 1 ' Clear LCD screen
LCDOUT "A to D Value"
LCDOUT $FE, $C0, #AD_AN3_Volt, "VDC"

Does anyone have a better idea how to display the voltage? My code seems to be growing quite large and I am not doing a lot of different operations. The PIC16F687 has a memory size of 2048 and it says I am using 884 words to accomplish what I am doing. All that I am doing is making a demo program that allows me to scroll through a menu and change the variables up and and down and then I am going to work on sending them to another micro that will store the variables in its EEPROM.

I know there are ways to minimize the size of my code but I have only been working with PICBASIC for about a week and trying to think of ways that like assembly but better suited for PICBASIC.

[Acetronics2]

Hehe ... good !!!

Just think PbP works with integers ... so multiply the result by 5 and only after that, divide by 1024 !

to enhance precision ... you could multiply by 50 ... and keep the 1/10 th !!!

could also use the DIV 32 function :

if your ref voltage was, say 4.955v ... instead of 5.000 ... you could multiply by the real ref voltage in millivolts and , as soon as, divide by 1024 ( see DIV32 chapter for that ) to get maximum precision ...
a small comma shift will do the rest !!! ( see DIG function ... I remember threads about that on the Forum = a little search !!! )

but remember pot linearity is not so good ( very linear pots exist ... special price too !!! ) ... so position or angle to voltage won't be very accurate !!!

Alain

[jblackann]

All that I am doing with the pot is dmeonstrating that can read an input voltage on a pin. I have a project where I will have to be reading a voltage that will be coming from another input and I just wanted to verify this with a pot. Do you have any suggestions how to convert 1635 to 1.635 ? I can just shift it because if I had 735 that would be equal to 0.735 and wouldn't want to look at it as 7.35.
Thanks
Josh

[Acetronics2]

You could also open the manual ...

Section 4.17.2 ( page 33 ) ...

as a miracle, the example is just that you should use ...

ON your LCD , just place the comma between W1 and W2 of the example !!! Should I say W0 is supposed to be the result of the DIV32 operation ???

Alain

[jblackann]

This somewhat works but I need to work through a way that it will display the value, 2.004 instead of 2.4 because the way I did it is with W0 = 5*AD_Value (AD_Value could be 0 to 1023). Then I did:
AD_VALUE_HIGH = W0 / 1023
AD_VALUE_LOW = W0 / 1023

THEN LCDOUT, $FE, $C0, #AD_VALUE_HIGH, ".",#AD_VALUE_LOW, "VDC"

I am not sure what you meant by using the DIV32 command. Can you please explain more? Thanks.

Josh

[psdayama]

Hey ! all the time I thought I was most dumbo person for Basic espeacilly for
pretty type.
Now Im relieved that there is atleast one more and may be many thousands!
I hope Josh takes some troubles with searching on forum.
I don't have experience with PIC or other Basic but in assembly there is
DIV32 routine - sort of macro - for dividing 32bit version.
wish U best!

[Acetronics2]

I am not sure what you meant by using the DIV32 command. Can you please explain more? Thanks.

Josh

That's a simple function of PbP :

PBp does internally the 16x16 multiplication ...

then the result is internally stored into 2 separate WORDS ...but you can't ( normally !!! ) access them nor make another thing without tearing them !!!

A function was implemented, DIV32, that can divide those 2x16 bits by another 16 bits max value

so, first, you do the mult.:
WWRes = W1*W2
and the very next line MUST be
Wres = DIV32 W3

This realizes the Word1*Word2/Word3 operation, despite PbP do not work with more than 16 bits !!!

Just need to use for WWRes an already declared WORD.

For details see $ 4.17.8 page 35 ...

Alain